Posted by admin on April 19, 2008 under Money, Programming | 
Many first time investors think that they should invest all of their savings. This isn’t necessarily true. To determine how much money you should invest, you must first determine how much you actually can afford to invest, and what your financial goals are.
First, let’s take a look at how much money you can currently afford to invest. Do you have savings that you can use? If so, great! However, you don’t want to cut yourself short when you tie your money up in an investment. What were your savings originally for?
It is important to keep three to six months of living expenses in a readily accessible savings account – don’t invest that money! Don’t invest any money that you may need to lay your hands on in a hurry in the future.
So, begin by determining how much of your savings should remain in your savings account, and how much can be used for investments. Unless you have funds from another source, such as an inheritance that you’ve recently received, this will probably be all that you currently have to invest.
Next, determine how much you can add to your investments in the future. If you are employed, you will continue to receive an income, and you can plan to use a portion of that income to build your investment portfolio over time. Speak with a qualified financial planner to set up a budget and determine how much of your future income you will be able to invest.
With the help of a financial planner, you can be sure that you are not investing more than you should – or less than you should in order to reach your investment goals.
For many types of investments, a certain initial investment amount will be required. Hopefully, you’ve done your research, and you have found an investment that will prove to be sound. If this is the case, you probably already know what the required initial investment is.
If the money that you have available for investments does not meet the required initial investment, you may have to look at other investments. Never borrow money to invest, and never use money that you have not set aside for investing!
Books on Invest Money
1,001 Ways to Save, Grow, and Invest Your Money
by David E. Rye – Business & Economics – 1999 Includes index. .
How to Invest Your Money & Profit from Inflation
by Morton Shulman – Business & Economics – 1980 . .
How to Invest Money Wisely
by John Moody – Investments – 1912 . .
How to Invest Money
by George Garr Henry – Investments – 1908 . “Most of the matter which is presented has appeared in the pages of ‘System’ magazine.”–Pref. .
Mary Farrells Beyond the Basics: How to Invest Your Money, Now That You Know
by Mary Farrell – Business & Economics – 2000 . Building on the knowledge you already have, she offers new ways of thinking about your money and tells you which investment strategies can make .
The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Personal Finance in Your 20s and 30s
by Sarah Young Fisher, Susan Shelly – Business & Economics – 2002 . Where to Invest Your Money We’ve told you a little bit about various investment vehicles and the risks and opportunities associated with them.
William E. Donoghue’s Guide to Finding Money to Invest: Building a Lifetime
by William E. Donoghue – Business & Economics – 1985 . Offers advice on how to find hidden cash resources and utilize them to create a lifetime savings plan .
The Everything Personal Finance Book: Manage, Budget, Save, and Invest Your
by Peter Sander – Business & Economics – 2003 . Invest The key to making money and protecting it is smart money management. Ensure financial security– Save money through tax strategies.
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Posted by admin on March 29, 2008 under Engineering, Programming |
Modern Compiler Design
by Dick Grune – Technology & Engineering – 2000 . While focusing on the essential techniques common to all language paradigms, this book provides readers with the skills required for modern compiler .
Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation
by Steven S. Muchnick – Computers – 1997 . Computer professionals who need to understand advanced techniques for designing efficient compilers will need this book. Limited preview .
Compiler Design in C
by Allen I. Holub – Computers – 1990 . A comprehensive, new approach to compilers that proves to be more accessible to computer science students than the other strictly mathematical books. .
Compiler Design Theory
by Philip M. Lewis, Daniel J. Rosenkrantz, Richard E. Stearns – Computers – 1976 .
The Design of an Optimizing Compiler
by William Allan Wulf – Computers – 1975 . “Elsevier computer science library.” .
Principles of Compiler Design
by Alfred V. Aho, Jeffrey D. Ullman – Mathematics – 1977 Includes index. .
Compiler Design and Construction: Tools and Techniques with C and PASCAL
by Arthur B. Pyster – Computers – 1988 . “A Van Nostrand Reinhold book”–Jacket. .
Principles of Compiler Design
by Alfred V. Aho, Jeffrey D. Ullman – Mathematics – 1977 Includes index. .
Compiler Design
by Reinhard Wilhelm, Dieter Maurer – Computers – 1995 This is the first book on compiler design that covers object-oriented, functional, and logic programming languages–as well as imperative languages. .
A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation
by Christopher W. Fraser, David R. Hanson – Computers – 1995 Features: discusses the implementation and design tradeoffs made while constructing a real ANSI C compiler, illustrating the interaction between theory and .
Posted by admin on March 24, 2008 under Programming |
Books on Memory Leaks in Programming
Navigating C++ and Object-oriented Design – Page 381
by Paul Anderson, Gail Anderson – Computers – 1998 – 800 pages
To make the memory leak detector track calls properly, your system should … Here’s how to compile this program and link it with the memory leak detector. …
Expert C Programming – Page 184
by Peter Van der Linden – Computers – 1994
We use the term “memory leak” because a scarce resource is draining away in a process. The main user-visible symptom of a memory leak is that the guilty …
Pro C# 2005 and the .Net 2.0 Platform – Page 72
by Andrew W. Troelsen – Computers – 2005 – 982 pages
Is That a Memory Leak? If you have a background in C++, you may be alarmed by the previous code samples. Specifically, notice how the …
Embedded Linux System Design and Development - Page 283
by Pichai Raghavan, Amol Lad, Sriram Neelakandan – Computers – 2006 – 400 pages
leak.c:6 Thus the user is informed that while tracing was turned on, a memory leak was detected. A chunk of memory of size 19 bytes (Ox 13) that was …
Windows 2000 Performance Guide – Page 312
by Mark Friedman, Odysseas Pentakalos – Computers – 2002 – 718 pages
A program containing a memory leak bug often executes to completion and produces the correct results, so the presence of the bug is not always detected. …
Pro C# with .Net 3.0 – Page 72
by Andrew Troelsen – Computers – 2007 – 1186 pages
Is That a Memory Leak? If you have a background in C++, you may be alarmed … NET garbage collector frees the allocated memory automatically, and therefore …
Data Abstraction and Structures Using C++ - Page 319
by Mark R. Headington, David D. Riley – Computers – 1994
Figure 7.19 Example of a dangling pointer A memory leak occurs when a … A second way to create a memory leak is to leave inaccessible objects on the free …
Hardcore Java – Page 257
by Robert Simmons – Computers – 2004 – 344 pages
Garbage collection protects you from only one kind of memory leak, … In languages such as C++, a memory leak resembles a lost pointer to an allocated …
Data Abstraction and Structures Using C++ - Page 319
by Mark R. Headington, David D. Riley – Computers – 1994
Figure 7.19 Example of a dangling pointer A memory leak occurs when a … A second way to create a memory leak is to leave inaccessible objects on the free …
Code Quality: The Open Source Perspective - Page 65
by Diomidis Spinellis – Science – 2006 – 569 pages
2.6.4 Resource Leaks In Section 5.5.3, we define as a memory leak the condition whereby a program allocates memory blocks and then loses track of them. …
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- .NET Memory Profiler - Find memory leaks and optimize memory usage in any .NET program. memprofiler.com
- Leak Testing / Detection – Leak Testers and custom machines We Test, You Produce www.ATeq.com
Useful Sites for Detecting Memory Leaks
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Posted by admin on March 23, 2008 under Programming |
What is wstring – Discussion on wstring
Can somebody tell how much std::wstring is supported across different compilers on different platforms? AFAIK std::string is supported by almost all C++ compilers and almost all platforms, is that also the case with wstring?
Another related question that I have is, is it advisable to use wstring than string for unicode support? To be able to support Unicode build, is it that all the occurrence of std::string will need to be changed to std::wstring?
I am little new to unicode stuff so please elaborate or point me to external links for reference if need be. Not sure that if it is the right forum to post this question but I guess it is related.
std::wstring is not necesarrily unicode. On windows it will likely be the unicode-subset also used by Java, but there are now guarantees.
All conforming compilers will support std::wstring. I doubt you can find a compiler that supports std::string but not std::wstring.
libstdc++ port for Windows (as bundled with mingw compiler) does not support std::wstring, because its implementation is dependent on POSIX-style locale. But one can always use STLPort, which does support std::wstring with this compiler.
On platforms that directly support Unicode on the operating system level, wchar_t usually is some Unicode encoding (on Windows 2000 or newer it’s UTF-16). I’d say that it’s OK to use std::wstring and wchar_t to handle Unicode strings if both are true:
The standard string implementations are not designed for handling multi-character encodings – this means that they’re not designed for UTF-8 in 8 bit char derived std::string and nor are they designed for UTF-16 in 16 bit wchar_t derived std::wstring. The only safe way is to create your own char traits to use 32 bit integers in std::basic_string<> and then convert to UTF-16 and UTF-8 as needed.
Having said that though, you can use std::string and std::wstring (assuming char is 8 bit and wchar_t is 16 bit) so long as you’re careful. Remember that length() will return the number of UTF-8 or UTF-16 encoded characters and that functions like substr() are liable to chop within a single code point as a single Unicode code point can be up to four UTF-8 chars and two UTF-16 wchar_ts.
You can not use std::wstring as a generic unicode string in Windows as the representation is encoded using the same principle as for utf-8. Thus, s[i] might not necesarrily return the i’th character of s. If you are aware of this (or only process characters in the basic plane), you are safe.
Common Questions About wstring
- wstring to CString conversion : cstring, wstring
- CString to wstring : wstring, cstring
- BSTR to wstring : wstring, bstr, convert
- char ptr to wstring – Urgent! : wstring, char
- How do I convert wstring variable to LCPWSTR? : convert, wstring …
- How do I initilize a “vector <wstring> vtws” variable? : vector
- wide char array to wstring : wstring, char, assign
- How do I get the Variant result to wstring variable? : messagebox …
- CopyFile : wchar_t, wstring
- Loading a File into an array or vector of wstring’s : vector, wstrings
- Convert from wstring to string? : wstring, string, convert
- What’s the safe and best way to assing the VARIANT to wstring?
- std::wstring wont work with overloaded std::operator<< : error …
- How to convert from wstring to string? : convert, wstring, string
- How to convert from wstring to string? : convert, wstring, string
- Writing wstring to text file : wstring, wchar_t
- wstring(char *Text) constructor ?? or how to handle ? : wstring
Books That talk about wstring
C++ In a Nutshell – Page 672 by Ray Lischner
The string and wstring types are therefore much easier to use and offer greater safety (see the at member function), while still offering ease-of-use with …
C++ Cookbook – Page 468 by D. Ryan Stephens – Computers – 2005 – 592 pages
The exact implementation of wchar_t is implementation defined, but it is often UTF-32. The class wstring, defined in <string>, is a sequence of …
Handbook of Object Technology by Saba Zamir – Computers – 1999 – 1168 pages
There are three main template types: • string and wstring – string and wide-character string types; both bounded string/wstring and unbounded string/wstring …
Effective STL: 50 Specific Ways to Improve Your Use of the Standard Template … - Page 4 by Scott Meyers, Michael Peirce, Hitesh Tewari – Standard template library. (Computer file) – 2001 – 260 pages
Similarly, any time I refer to the relationship between string and char or char*, the same is true of the relationship between wstring and wchar_t or
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Posted by admin on March 15, 2008 under Programming |
GDB – important commands (most can be abbreviated to starting letter)
o r = run the program (can give arguments, e.g., r -f foo.txt or r < test.script)
o file filename = load in the executable filename
o s = step through code (enters function being called)
o n = next line (treats function being called as single operation)
o where = get a stack trace
o u (d) = move up (down) the stack trace
o cont = continue execution till break/end of program
o fin = finish function, i.e., run to return
o b functioname = set breakpoint for function called functioname
o b filename:lineno = set breakpoint at line lineno in file filename
o info b = print information on breakpoints
o disable 7 = disable breakpoint number 7
o cond 7 ( a == b ) = break at breakpoint 7 iff ( a == b ) is true
o watch x = break whenver x is written (rwatch, awatch for read/both)
o p varName = print variable varName
o p $ = print the current value of last variable printed
o disp x = print the value of x after each command
o RETURN KEY = repeat the last command
o TAB = completion, works for var/func names as well as files
GDB and EMACS
o fire up emacs (run emacs -nw if you don’t have an Xsession, e.g.,
are running putty)
o get gdb running using ALT-x gdb (may have to use ESC-x gdb if you are in a vnc session)
- run gdb exactly as above, with the added benefit of seeing where you are in your code
- you can also set break points directly from the source window: put the mouse
over the line and hit CTRL-x SPACEKEY
o if you edit source in vi, it’s painful to have to keep refreshing the emacs copy;
put (global-auto-revert-mode 1) in your .emacs file to use the latest version.
o open files in emacs with CTRL-x-f, save with CTRL-x-s, search with CTRL-s and CTRL-r,
use CTRL-x-c to quit emacs
o URL short: http://www.ece.utexas.edu/~adnan/emacs-refcard.pdf
Browsing Code
o run ctags *.h *.c to create a file called tags
o now in vi, hit CTRL-] to go to the definition of the function/type under the cursor,
CTRL-t to go back (can do this iteratively)
o if your source is spread over many directories, use symbolic link to tags
GDB: smart ways to print arrays and lists
(gdb) set $index=0
(gdb) print array[$index++]
as you keep hitting return, you get the values in sequence;
it’s very similar with lists:
(gdb) set $ptr=Ntk_LongNameForAPtrToListHead
(gdb) p ($tmp = $ptr, $ptr=$ptr->next, $tmp->data)
Posted by admin on under Programming |
** strace
See systemcalls:
strace <cmd>
** lsof
List open files and network connections of local process:
lsof -p <pid>
When no option is given, lsof prints open files for all processes for which this information is available. Generally, lsof needs to be run as root.
** strings
See ascii data in binary file (e.g. version number or name of default configuration file used)
strings /usr/bin/<binary>
** gdb
